Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids 1 chapter 11. Difference between intermolecular and intramolecular forces. Converting a gas into a liquid or solid requires the molecules to get closer to each other. Physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kineticmolecular theory. Effect of intermolecular attraction on evaporation and condensation weaker attractive forces less energy needed to vaporize weaker attractive forces more energy will need to be removed from the vapor molecules before condensation weak attractive forces the faster the evaporation liquids that evaporate easily are said to be volatile. Larger molecules are more polarizable than smaller molecules since they contain more electrons. Intermolecular forces are weaker attractions that hold molecules or noble gas particles close together when they are in a liquid or solid form. H bond bonded h o hydrogen bondingthe force of attraction between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and an. The attractive forces are stronger for ionic substances than for molecular ones the intermolecular forces of the remaining substances depend on. To determine if a a molecule is polar, you need to know their electronegativity ability to gain electrons numbers. Polar substances, all things being equal, will usually have stronger intermolecular forces dipoledipole interactions than nonpolar substances which are held together. The polar molecule induces a temporary dipole in the nonpolar molecule. Liquids, solids and intermolecular forces moorpark college.
Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces holding particles together in the condensed liquid and solid phases of matter result from coulombic attractions dependent on the magnitude of the charge. Because in the solid and liquid states particles are closer together, we refer to them as condensed phases. Chapter 11 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces free download as powerpoint presentation. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
Note that we will use the popular phrase intermolecular attraction to refer to attractive forces between the particles of a substance. Solids are incompressible and have a definite shape and volume. Chapter 11 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces. States of matter and intermolecular forces khan academy. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The stronger the attractive force in a given substance, the higher the boiling point or melting point. Intermolecular forces intermolecular force chemical. Intermolecular forces of attraction ch is about liquids and solids where the. Pdf chapter 12 intermolecular forces and the physical. Forces and the physical properties of liquids and solids insert picture from. Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces. Gases, liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces 62 intermolecular forces and the states of matter solids. Intermolecular forces may be attractive or repulsive. Liquids and solids intermolecular forces intermolecular forces page 1 of 4 weve.
Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces section 10 of general chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 101 through page 1018 and covers all youll need to know on the following lecturetextbook topics section 10 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces 101 three states of matter. Liquids and intermolecular forces topics changes of state energy changes attractive forces dipoledipole, induced dipole, hydrogen bonding. In liquids, there are strong intermolecular forces between the particles, which hold them in close. Dipoledipole forces dipoledipole forces exist between neutral polar molecules. Liquidvapor equilibrium equilibrium, vapor pressure, boiling pt. This handout describes four types of intermolecular forces and provides examples. Molecular mass should be irrelevant here, as far as i know. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold. Liquids and solids in gases, the particles in the sample are widely separated, because the attractive forces between the particles are very weak. Chapter 12 intermolecular forces and physical properties of liquids. Intramolecular forces hold atoms together in a molecule. Intermolecular forces and liquids and solids chapter 11.
In liquids, molecules can move past each other even though they cannot get very far from each other. Chapter 10 liquids and intermolecular forces quiz by dawn g, updated more than 1 year ago more less created by dawn g over 3 years ago. Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids. Intramolecular force intermolecular force ionic iondipole covalent network solids dipole dipole metallic hbonding london dispersion forces properties of liquids surface tension is the amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area. Download free epub, pdf this book describes the roles of various intermolecular and interparticle forces in determining the properties of simple systems such as gases, liquids, and solids, of more complex colloidal, polymeric, and biological systems. The particles of a gas are far apart and move randomly and rapidly. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids 5 dipoledipole forces dipoledipole forces exist between neutral polar molecules.
While there are many states of matter, the three common states that dominate our world are gases, liquids and solids. Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds are examples of bonds. Interactions between liquid and solid particles are greatly affected by their intermolecular forces attractions between particles. Viscosity increases with stronger intermolecular forces caused by increase in the molecular weight, and decreases with higher temperature. Properties and types of solids crystal structure of metals.
Intermolecular forces viscosity resistance of a liquid to flow is called viscosity. An additional attraction is the iondipole forces that occur between polar molecules and ions, as in saltwater. Gases are highly compressible and assume the shape and volume of their container. Solid vapor equilibrium vapor pressure of solid phase diagrams changes of state. Solids with highly ordered structures are said to be crystalline. The particles of a solid have fixed positions and exhibit motions of vibration. Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms in a molecule. Chemistry notes liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces. In gases, the particles in the sample are widely separated, because the attractive forces between the particles are very weak. Intermolecular forces are the forces that hold molecules in a substance. Intermolecular forces attractive forces between molecules weaker than forces within molecules between atoms intramolecular stronger in solids and liquids than in gases responsible for nonideal properties of gases dipole moment a vector showing how an electron cloud is moved from one part of a molecule to another part. Intermolecular forces and liquids and solids ykinetic molecular theory of liquids and solids 12.
This is the force that holds atoms together within a molecule aka intramolecular force. We will learn about how intermolecular forces make this possible. Attractive forces between molecules weaker than forces within molecules between atoms intramolecular stronger in solids and liquids than in gases responsible for nonideal properties of gases. Intermolecular forces are attractive forces between molecules. The strength of intermolecular forces is responsible for many properties of substances, including the boiling points of liquids and the melting points of solids. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions.
Gas particles have broken away from the intermolecular forces that hold liquids and solids together. Attractive forces dipoledipole, induced dipole, hydrogen bonding. Dipoledipole forces have attraction that enables two polar molecules to attract one another. One difference between solids and liquids is that liquids, like gases, are fluids, but solids are not. It is related to the ease with which molecules can move past each other. Intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids a molecular comparison of gases, liquids, and solids physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kineticmolecular theory. Without intermolecular forces, we wouldnt have tables, lakes, wall. The higher the boiling point of a substance, the stronger the intermolecular forces. The covalent bond is an intramolecular force that holds atoms together within a molecule intra means within. Intermolecular and surface forces download free epub, pdf. Chapter 10 liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces.
The particles of a liquid are free to move within the confines of the liquid. Diffusion in liquids much slower than in air because a lot more collision occurs. We now can use the clausiusclapeyron equation to determine the vapor pressure at25. When the two liquids separate, the oil floats on top since it is less dense than vinegar and water. Intramolecular forces are stronger than intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces list the substances bacl 2, h 2, co, hf, and ne in order of increasing boiling points. As was the case for gaseous substances, the kinetic molecular theory may be used to explain the behavior of solids and liquids. Intermolecular forces and how they affect physical properties of compounds. They include london dispersion forces, dipoledipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. In this episode of crash course chemistry, hank gives you the low down on things like london dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds, cohesion, adhesion, viscosity. Intermolecular vs intramolecular 41 kj to vaporize 1 mole of water inter. Liquids, solids, and intermolecular forces 510 5a m from table 121 we know that hvap 38.
Chemactivities assigned and discuss all answers with my pod. Intermolecular forces of attraction ch 12 was all about gases particles that dont attract each other. Larger molecules are more polarizable than smaller molecules since. Polar substances, all things being equal, will usually have stronger intermolecular forces dipoledipole interactions than nonpolar substances which are held together by strength of london dispersion forces. Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between a. Chapter 12 intermolecular forces and the physical properties of liquids and solids insert picture from first page of chapter. Liquids and intermolecular forces topics changes of state energy changes attractive forces dipoledipole, induced dipole, hydrogen bonding liquid state liquid vapor equilibrium equilibrium, vapor pressure, boiling pt. Chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids and solids. In the following description, the term particle will be used to refer to an atom, molecule, or ion. Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces holding particlesmolecules, atoms or ions together in the condensed liquid and solid phases of matter.
Intermolecular forces in liquids chemistry libretexts. Have you ever wondered how some insects are able to skate on the surface of water. Chapter 11 intermolecular forces, liquids, and solids. Slide 29 6 8 intermolecular forces are strongest in a solids b liquids c gases.